abstract：:We evaluated whether the use of cartilage thickness measurement would improve the ability of the arthroscopic indentation technique to estimate the intrinsic stiffness of articular cartilage. First, cartilage thickness and ultrasound reflection from the surface of bovine humeral head were registered in situ using a hi...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Töyräs J,Lyyra-Laitinen T,Niinimäki M,Lindgren R,Nieminen MT,Kiviranta I,Jurvelin JS

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Achieving stability is a prerequisite for allowing bone to grow into the porous surface of non-cemented acetabular cups. The purpose of this study is to estimate the effects of interfacial characteristics on relative cyclical micromotion between cup and bone during gait in the immediate postoperative phase. The techni...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Spears IR,Pfleiderer M,Schneider E,Hille E,Morlock MM

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stress is one of the many biological factors that plays an important role in wound healing. It is therefore essential to analyze stresses around the wound closure theoretically, especially when no invasive/noninvasive technique to measure stress directly is available. The objective of this paper is to determine the re...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Lott-Crumpler DA,Chaudhry HR

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine if the characteristic banding pattern (D-period) of collagen fibrils from rabbit medial collateral ligaments changes as a function of gross ligament strain and, if so, whether the changes are location dependent (insertion versus midsubstance). Femur-medial collateral ligament...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Kukreti U,Belkoff SM

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The natural stress distribution in the femur is significantly altered after total hip arthroplasty (THA). When an implant is introduced, it will carry a portion of the load, causing a reduction of stress in some regions of the remaining bone. This phenomenon is commonly known as stress shielding. In response to the ch...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Joshi MG,Advani SG,Miller F,Santare MH

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanical hysteresis in tendons has traditionally been quantified from tensile testing of isolated specimens. Limitations associated with tendon displacement measurement and clamping, and uncertainties as to whether in vitro material represents intact tendon function necessitate measuring hysteresis under in vivo con...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Maganaris CN,Paul JP

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A squeeze-film lubrication model of the human ankle joint in standing that takes into account the fluid transport across the articular surface is presented. Articular cartilage is a biphasic mixture of the ideal interstitial fluid and an elastic permeable isotropic homogeneous intrinsically incompressible matrix. The ...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Hlavácek M

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We studied stress fiber orientation under a wide range of uniaxial cyclic deformations. We devised and validated a hypothesis consisting of two parts, as follows: (1) a stress fiber aligns to avoid a mechanical stimulus in the fiber direction under cyclic deformation. This means that, among all allowable directions, a...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Yamada H,Takemasa T,Yamaguchi T

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The study of human locomotion and its applications are examined from a historical viewpoint. Several critical steps in the advancement of the discipline are considered in the context of addressing a particular need to answer fundamental questions regarding the process of human locomotion. In addition, changes in the m...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Andriacchi TP,Alexander EJ

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The surface roughness of a bone implant was defined parametrically. The values of the parameters defining the surface were varied. Some traditionally used surface roughness parameters were calculated. By means of a theoretical model the bone-implant interfacial shear strength was estimated. No simple correlation betwe...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Hansson S

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Failure of synthetic heart valves is usually caused by tearing and calcification of the leaflets. Leaflet fiber-reinforcement increases the durability of these valves by unloading the delicate parts of the leaflets, maintaining their physiological functioning. The interaction of the valve with the surrounding fluid is...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： De Hart J,Peters GW,Schreurs PJ,Baaijens FP

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Subchondral bone undecalcified samples, extracted from bovine femoral heads, are subjected to a direct tensile load. The Young's modulus of each sample is determined from repeated tests within the elastic limit. In a last test, the tensile load is increased up to the specimen failure, determining the ultimate tensile ...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Braidotti P,Bemporad E,D'Alessio T,Sciuto SA,Stagni L

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies on cats walking backward have indicated that they adopt a presumably adaptive posture characterized by extreme dorsiflexion of the lumbar spine. Because humans do not show any marked postural changes during backward walking, we questioned whether the posture exhibited by cats during backward walking w...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Vilensky JA,Cook JA

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The principal motivation for the present work was the study of the kinetics of anaerobic metabolism. A new mathematical model of the bioenergetics of sprinting, incorporating a three-equation representation of anaerobic metabolism, is developed. Results computed using the model are compared with measured data from the...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Ward-Smith AJ,Radford PF

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study is aimed at investigating changes in the coordination of arm and leg movements in young healthy subjects. It was hypothesized that with changes in walking velocity there is a change in frequency and phase coupling between the arms and the legs. In addition, it was hypothesized that the preferred freq...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Wagenaar RC,van Emmerik RE

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to develop a model which describes the mechanical spinal response to small alternating pelvic stimulation induced by an active rotational movement of a normal chair. The rotary continuous passive motion (RCPM) of the seat about a vertical axis of only 0.6 degrees resulted in an increased in s...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： van Deursen DL,Lengsfeld M,Snijders CJ,Evers JJ,Goossens RH

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Significant ground reaction forces exceeding body weight occur during the heel-strike phase of gait. The standard methods of analytical dynamics used to solve the impact problem do not accommodate well the heel-strike collision due to the persistent contact at the front foot and presence of contact at the back foot. T...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Kaplan ML,Heegaard JH

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A three-dimensional, mathematical model of the elbow and wrist joints, including 15 muscle units, 3 ligaments and 4 joint forces, has been developed. A new strain gauge transducer has been developed to measure functional grip forces. The device measures radial forces divided into six components and forces of up to 250...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Chadwick EK,Nicol AC

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:2D, coronal plane, finite elements models (FEMs) were developed from orthogonal radiographs of a diaphyseal tibial fracture and its reparative tissue at four different time points during healing. Each callus was separated into regions of common tissue histology by computerised radiographic analysis. Starting point val...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Gardner TN,Stoll T,Marks L,Mishra S,Knothe Tate M

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies of proximal femoral strength usually involve one of two types of loading conditions, loading similar to joint loading during single-limb stance or loading simulating impact from a fall. When interpreting the results of studies involving only one of these load configurations, the question arises as to their app...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Keyak JH

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study investigated spatio-temporal variables, ground reaction forces and sagittal and frontal plane kinematics during the stance phase of nine trained subjects running barefoot and shod at three different velocities (3.5, 4.5, 5.5 m s(-1)). Differences between conditions were detected with the general linear meth...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： De Wit B,De Clercq D,Aerts P

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Meaningful testing of stab resistant body armour requires the use of realistic body tissue simulants. A device for the determination of the force-displacement behaviour of materials in high impact loading situations has been developed for the testing of such simulants. Force measurement is achieved with the use of ele...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Chadwick EK,Nicol AC,Floyd S,Gray TG

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eight experienced male cyclists (C), eight well-trained male runners (R), and eight less-trained male noncyclists (LT) were tested under multiple cadence and power output conditions to determine: (1) if the cadence at which lower extremity net joint moments are minimized (cost function cadence) was associated with pre...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Marsh AP,Martin PE,Sanderson DJ

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A dry-land rowing system was developed to provide the coach and/or athlete with quantitative information about the athlete's kinetics and kinematics while the athlete trains. This system consists of a Concept II rowing ergometer instrumented with a force transducer and potentiometer, four electrogoniometers attached t...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Hawkins D

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present study, the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in chondrocyte mechanotransduction was investigated. We hypothesized that MAPKs participate in fluid flow-induced chondrocyte mechanotransduction. To test our hypothesis, we studied cultured chondrocytes subjected to a well-defined mechanical ...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Hung CT,Henshaw DR,Wang CC,Mauck RL,Raia F,Palmer G,Chao PH,Mow VC,Ratcliffe A,Valhmu WB

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pulsatile flow in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) models has been examined in order to understand the hemodynamics that may contribute to growth of an AAA. The model studies were conducted by experiments (flow visualization and laser Doppler velocimetry) and by numerical simulation using physiologically realistic rest...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Egelhoff CJ,Budwig RS,Elger DF,Khraishi TA,Johansen KH

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The literature contains many measurements of the fatigue properties of compact bone, but these experimental results have been difficult to interpret and use due to a large amount of apparent scatter: variation in the number of cycles to failure for a given cyclic stress or strain range. Recently Taylor (1998a, Journal...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Taylor D,O'Brien F,Prina-Mello A,Ryan C,O'Reilly P,Lee TC

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of this research was to use a pedal force decomposition approach to quantify the amount of negative muscular crank torque generated by a group of competitive cyclists across a range of pedaling rates. We hypothesized that negative muscular crank torque increases at high pedaling rates as a result of the ...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Neptune RR,Herzog W

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Friction between the prosthetic head and acetabular cup increases the temperature in hip implants during activities like walking. A hip endoprosthesis was instrumented with sensors to measure the joint contact forces and the temperature distribution along the entire length of the titanium implant. Sensors and two indu...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Graichen F,Bergmann G,Rohlmann A

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The existence and role of prestress in the various hierarchical structures of long bone are long standing questions. In this study, the prestress and associated strain that exist in a component of human bone microstructure, circularly fibered osteonic lamella, are estimated. Such estimates allow the formulation of hyp...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Ascenzi MG

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human runners adjust the stiffness of their stance leg to accommodate surface stiffness during steady state running. This adjustment allows runners to maintain similar center of mass movement (e.g., ground contact time and stride frequency) regardless of surface stiffness. When runners encounter abrupt transitions in ...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Ferris DP,Liang K,Farley CT

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Brainstem trauma occurs frequently in severe head injury, often resulting in fatal lesions due to importance of brainstem in crucial neural functions. Structurally, the brainstem is composed of bundles of axonal fibers distinctly oriented in a longitudinal direction surrounded by an extracellular matrix. We hypothesiz...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Arbogast KB,Margulies SS

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vortex shedding at vascular anastomoses were investigated in vitro using a 20 MHz pulsed-wave Doppler velocimeter. Centreline velocity measurements were made at various axial distances in simplified polyurethane models of proximal and distal end-to-side anastomoses of angles 15, 30, 45, 60 and 80 degrees using pulsati...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Gaupp S,Wang Y,How TV,Fish PJ

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new six-degree-of-freedom force transducer has been manufactured, with the sensitivity to measure forces in the range +/-100 N and moments of up to +/-5 Nm. The transducer incorporates two mechanical components: shear forces and bending moments are measured via a strain-gauged tubular section whilst axial forces are...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Fowler NK,Nicol AC

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a newly developed, highly sensitive dilatometer we applied pulsatile electric fields to five dry bone samples cut from mid-tibial sections within a 90 degrees angle from the rear to front axis. Samples of five cows were studied. We measured the piezoelectric coefficient d23 establishing its mean and confidence inte...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Aschero G,Gizdulich P,Mango F

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanical fatigue of bone cement leading to damage accumulation is implicated in the loosening of cemented hip components. Even though cracks have been identified in autopsy-retrieved mantles, damage accumulation by continuous growth and increase in number of microcracks has not yet been demonstrated experimentally. ...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： McCormack BA,Prendergast PJ

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Swelling effects in cartilage originate from an interstitial osmotic pressure generated by the presence of negatively charged proteoglycans in the tissue. This swelling pressure gives rise to a non-zero residual strain in the cartilage solid matrix in the absence of externally applied loads. Previous studies have quan...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Narmoneva DA,Wang JY,Setton LA

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fragility fractures are a result of alterations in bone quantity, tissue properties, applied loads, or a combination of these factors. The current study addresses the contribution of cortical bone tissue properties to skeletal fragility by characterizing the shear damage accumulation processes which occur during torsi...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Jepsen KJ,Davy DT,Krzypow DJ

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine which factor is the most likely one to have stimulated the mineralization process in the in vitro experiments of Klein-Nulend et al. (Arth. Rheum., 29, 1002-1009, 1986), in which fetal cartilaginous metatarsals were externally loaded with an intermittent hydrostatic pressure,...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Tanck E,van Driel WD,Hagen JW,Burger EH,Blankevoort L,Huiskes R

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper we introduce the concept of the functional (or equivalent) geometry of the knee, which is an attempt to reduce the natural knee with its complex geometry, frictional resistance and deformable cartilage into a two-dimensional joint comprising rigid femur and tibia in frictionless contact. An apparatus and...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Chan SC,Seedhom BB

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00